What factor primarily influences the operation of ionization detectors?

The operation of ionization smoke detectors is primarily influenced by electrical imbalances caused by the presence of smoke particles. These detectors contain a small amount of radioactive material that ionizes the air in the sensing chamber, creating a current between two electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts this ionization process by attaching to the ions, leading to a decrease in the current. This change in current triggers the alarm.

Understanding the significance of smoke particles in ionization detectors highlights their effectiveness in detecting fast-flaming fires, where the rapid combustion generates smaller particles that can easily interrupt the ionization process.